Flow cytometry is an experimental technique used to count and analyze individual cells within a mixed population based on their size, shape, and other properties.
Flow cytometry involves a machine called a flow cytometer, which consists of components like lasers, optics, detectors, and a computer system.
When a sample is placed in the flow cytometer, it is mixed with saline solution and passed through a laser beam, with each cell scattering light in multiple directions.
Forward scatter measures cell size. Side scatter measures cell shape and complexity. These measurements are converted into voltage pulses and presented as histograms.
Flow cytometry can also detect and quantify fluorescent signals from molecules like antibodies or dyes, allowing for the analysis of multiple colors simultaneously, making it a powerful technique for characterizing cell populations.
